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Text File  |  1992-02-15  |  9KB  |  1,322 lines

  1. When,
  2. in
  3. the
  4. couse
  5. of
  6. human
  7. events,
  8. it
  9. becomes
  10. necessary
  11. for
  12. one
  13. people
  14. to
  15. dissolve
  16. the
  17. political
  18. bands
  19. which
  20. have
  21. connected
  22. them
  23. with
  24. another,
  25. and
  26. to
  27. assume
  28. among
  29. the
  30. Powers
  31. of
  32. the
  33. earth
  34. the
  35. separate
  36. and
  37. equal
  38. station
  39. to
  40. which
  41. the
  42. Laws
  43. of
  44. Nature
  45. and
  46. of
  47. Nature's
  48. God
  49. entitle
  50. them,
  51. a
  52. decent
  53. respect
  54. to
  55. the
  56. opinions
  57. of
  58. mankind
  59. requires
  60. that
  61. they
  62. should
  63. declare
  64. the
  65. causes
  66. which
  67. impel
  68. them
  69. to
  70. the
  71. separation.
  72. We
  73. hold
  74. these
  75. truths
  76. to
  77. be
  78. self-
  79. evident;
  80. that
  81. all
  82. men
  83. are
  84. created
  85. equal,
  86. that
  87. they
  88. are
  89. endowed
  90. by
  91. their
  92. Creator
  93. with
  94. certain
  95. unalienable
  96. rights;
  97. that
  98. among
  99. these
  100. are
  101. Life,
  102. Liberty,
  103. and
  104. the
  105. pursuit
  106. of
  107. Happiness.
  108. That
  109. to
  110. secure
  111. these
  112. rights
  113. Governments
  114. are
  115. instituted
  116. among
  117. Men,
  118. deriving
  119. their
  120. just
  121. powers
  122. from
  123. the
  124. consent
  125. of
  126. the
  127. governed.
  128. That
  129. whenever
  130. any
  131. Form
  132. of
  133. Government
  134. becomes
  135. destructive
  136. of
  137. these
  138. ends,
  139. it
  140. is
  141. the
  142. Right
  143. of
  144. the
  145. People
  146. to
  147. alter
  148. or
  149. to
  150. abolish
  151. it,
  152. and
  153. to
  154. institute
  155. new
  156. Government,
  157. laying
  158. its
  159. foundation
  160. on
  161. such
  162. principles
  163. and
  164. organizing
  165. its
  166. powers
  167. in
  168. such
  169. form
  170. as
  171. to
  172. them
  173. shall
  174. seem
  175. most
  176. likely
  177. to
  178. effect
  179. their
  180. Safety
  181. and
  182. Happiness.
  183. Prudence,
  184. indeed,
  185. will
  186. dictate
  187. that
  188. Governments
  189. long
  190. established
  191. should
  192. not
  193. be
  194. changed
  195. for
  196. light
  197. and
  198. transient
  199. causes;
  200. and
  201. accordingly,
  202. all
  203. experience
  204. hath
  205. shown
  206. that
  207. mankind
  208. are
  209. more
  210. disposed
  211. to
  212. suffer,
  213. while
  214. evils
  215. are
  216. sufferable,
  217. than
  218. to
  219. right
  220. themselves
  221. by
  222. abolishing
  223. the
  224. forms
  225. to
  226. which
  227. they
  228. are
  229. accustomed.
  230. But,
  231. when
  232. a
  233. long
  234. train
  235. of
  236. abuses
  237. and
  238. usurpations,
  239. pursuing
  240. invariably
  241. the
  242. same
  243. Object,
  244. evinces
  245. a
  246. design
  247. to
  248. reduce
  249. them
  250. under
  251. absolute
  252. Despotism,
  253. it
  254. is
  255. their
  256. right,
  257. it
  258. is
  259. their
  260. duty
  261. to
  262. throw
  263. off
  264. such
  265. Government,
  266. and
  267. to
  268. provide
  269. new
  270. Guards
  271. for
  272. their
  273. future
  274. security.
  275. Such
  276. has
  277. been
  278. the
  279. patient
  280. sufferance
  281. of
  282. these
  283. Colonies;
  284. and
  285. such
  286. is
  287. now
  288. the
  289. necessity
  290. which
  291. constrains
  292. them
  293. to
  294. alter
  295. their
  296. former
  297. Systems
  298. of
  299. Government.
  300. The
  301. history
  302. of
  303. the
  304. present
  305. King
  306. of
  307. Great
  308. Britain
  309. is
  310. a
  311. history
  312. of
  313. repeated
  314. injuries
  315. and
  316. usurpations,
  317. all
  318. having
  319. in
  320. direct
  321. object
  322. the
  323. establishment
  324. of
  325. an
  326. absolute
  327. Tyranny
  328. over
  329. these
  330. States.
  331. To
  332. prove
  333. this,
  334. let
  335. Facts
  336. be
  337. submitted
  338. to
  339. a
  340. candid
  341. world:
  342. He
  343. has
  344. refused
  345. his
  346. Assent
  347. to
  348. Laws,
  349. the
  350. most
  351. wholesome
  352. and
  353. necessary
  354. for
  355. the
  356. public
  357. good.
  358. He
  359. has
  360. forbidden
  361. his
  362. Governors
  363. to
  364. pass
  365. Laws
  366. of
  367. immediate
  368. and
  369. pressing
  370. importance,
  371. unless
  372. suspended
  373. in
  374. their
  375. operation
  376. till
  377. his
  378. Assent
  379. should
  380. be
  381. obtained;
  382. and
  383. when
  384. so
  385. suspended
  386. he
  387. has
  388. utterly
  389. neglected
  390. to
  391. attend
  392. to
  393. them.
  394. He
  395. has
  396. refused
  397. to
  398. pass
  399. other
  400. Laws
  401. for
  402. the
  403. accomodation
  404. of
  405. large
  406. districts
  407. of
  408. people,
  409. unless
  410. those
  411. people
  412. would
  413. relinquish
  414. the
  415. right
  416. of
  417. Representation
  418. in
  419. the
  420. Legislature,
  421. a
  422. right
  423. inestimable
  424. to
  425. them
  426. and
  427. formidable
  428. to
  429. Tyrants
  430. only.
  431. He
  432. has
  433. called
  434. together
  435. legislative
  436. bodies
  437. at
  438. places
  439. unusual,
  440. uncomfortable,
  441. and
  442. distant
  443. from
  444. the
  445. depository
  446. of
  447. their
  448. Public
  449. Records,
  450. for
  451. the
  452. sole
  453. purpose
  454. of
  455. fatiguing
  456. them
  457. into
  458. compliance
  459. with
  460. his
  461. measures.
  462. He
  463. has
  464. dissolved
  465. Representative
  466. Houses
  467. repeatedly,
  468. for
  469. opposing
  470. with
  471. manly
  472. firmness
  473. his
  474. invasions
  475. on
  476. the
  477. rights
  478. of
  479. the
  480. people.
  481. He
  482. has
  483. refused
  484. for
  485. a
  486. long
  487. time,
  488. after
  489. such
  490. dissolutions
  491. to
  492. cause
  493. others
  494. to
  495. be
  496. elected;
  497. whereby
  498. the
  499. Legislative
  500. Powers,
  501. incapable
  502. of
  503. Annihilation,
  504. have
  505. returned
  506. to
  507. the
  508. People
  509. at
  510. large
  511. for
  512. their
  513. exercise;
  514. the
  515. State
  516. remaining,
  517. in
  518. the
  519. meantime,
  520. exposed
  521. to
  522. all
  523. the
  524. dangers
  525. of
  526. invasion
  527. from
  528. without
  529. and
  530. convulsions
  531. within.
  532. He
  533. has
  534. endeavored
  535. to
  536. prevent
  537. the
  538. population
  539. of
  540. these
  541. States;
  542. for
  543. that
  544. purpose
  545. obstructing
  546. the
  547. Laws
  548. for
  549. Naturalization
  550. of
  551. Foreigners;
  552. refusing
  553. to
  554. pass
  555. others
  556. to
  557. encourage
  558. their
  559. migration
  560. hither,
  561. and
  562. raising
  563. the
  564. conditions
  565. of
  566. new
  567. Appropriations
  568. of
  569. Lands.
  570. He
  571. has
  572. obstructed
  573. the
  574. Administration
  575. of
  576. Justice,
  577. by
  578. refusing
  579. his
  580. Assent
  581. to
  582. Laws
  583. for
  584. establishing
  585. Judiciary
  586. Powers.
  587. He
  588. has
  589. made
  590. Judges
  591. dependent
  592. on
  593. his
  594. Will
  595. alone,
  596. for
  597. the
  598. tenure
  599. of
  600. their
  601. offices,
  602. and
  603. the
  604. amount
  605. and
  606. payment
  607. of
  608. their
  609. salaries.
  610. He
  611. has
  612. erected
  613. a
  614. multitude
  615. of
  616. New
  617. Offices,
  618. and
  619. sent
  620. hither
  621. swarms
  622. of
  623. Officers
  624. to
  625. harass
  626. our
  627. People,
  628. and
  629. eat
  630. out
  631. their
  632. substance.
  633. He
  634. has
  635. kept
  636. among
  637. us,
  638. in
  639. times
  640. of
  641. peace,
  642. Standing
  643. Armies,
  644. without
  645. the
  646. consent
  647. of
  648. our
  649. legislature.
  650. He
  651. has
  652. affected
  653. to
  654. render
  655. the
  656. Military
  657. independent
  658. of
  659. and
  660. superior
  661. to
  662. the
  663. Civil
  664. Power.
  665. He
  666. has
  667. combined
  668. with
  669. others
  670. to
  671. subject
  672. us
  673. to
  674. a
  675. jurisdiction
  676. foreign
  677. to
  678. our
  679. constitution
  680. and
  681. unacknowledged
  682. by
  683. our
  684. laws;
  685. giving
  686. his
  687. assent
  688. to
  689. their
  690. acts
  691. or
  692. pretended
  693. legislation.
  694. For
  695. quartering
  696. large
  697. bodies
  698. of
  699. armed
  700. troups
  701. among
  702. us.
  703. For
  704. protecting
  705. them
  706. by
  707. a
  708. mock
  709. Trial,
  710. from
  711. Punishment
  712. for
  713. any
  714. Murders
  715. which
  716. they
  717. should
  718. commit
  719. on
  720. the
  721. Inhabitants
  722. of
  723. these
  724. States.
  725. For
  726. cutting
  727. off
  728. our
  729. Trade
  730. with
  731. all
  732. parts
  733. of
  734. the
  735. world.
  736. For
  737. imposing
  738. taxes
  739. on
  740. us
  741. without
  742. our
  743. Consent.
  744. For
  745. depriving
  746. us,
  747. in
  748. many
  749. cases,
  750. of
  751. the
  752. benefits
  753. of
  754. Trial
  755. by
  756. Jury.
  757. For
  758. transporting
  759. us
  760. beyond
  761. Seas
  762. to
  763. be
  764. tried
  765. for
  766. pretended
  767. offences.
  768. For
  769. abolishing
  770. the
  771. free
  772. System
  773. of
  774. English
  775. Laws
  776. in
  777. a
  778. neighboring
  779. Province,
  780. establishing
  781. therein
  782. an
  783. Arbitrary
  784. government,
  785. and
  786. enlarging
  787. its
  788. Boundaries
  789. so
  790. as
  791. to
  792. render
  793. it
  794. at
  795. once
  796. an
  797. example
  798. and
  799. fit
  800. instrument
  801. for
  802. introducing
  803. the
  804. same
  805. absolute
  806. rule
  807. in
  808. these
  809. Colonies.
  810. For
  811. taking
  812. away
  813. our
  814. Charters,
  815. abolishing
  816. our
  817. most
  818. valuable
  819. Laws,
  820. and
  821. altering
  822. fundamentally
  823. the
  824. Forms
  825. of
  826. our
  827. Governments.
  828. For
  829. suspecting
  830. our
  831. own
  832. Legislature,
  833. and
  834. declaring
  835. themselves
  836. invested
  837. with
  838. Power
  839. to
  840. legislate
  841. for
  842. us
  843. in
  844. all
  845. cases
  846. whatsoever.
  847. He
  848. had
  849. abdicated
  850. Government
  851. here,
  852. by
  853. declaring
  854. us
  855. out
  856. of
  857. his
  858. protection,
  859. and
  860. waging
  861. War
  862. against
  863. us.
  864. He
  865. has
  866. plundered
  867. our
  868. seas,
  869. ravaged
  870. our
  871. Coasts,
  872. burnt
  873. our
  874. towns,
  875. and
  876. destroyed
  877. the
  878. lives
  879. of
  880. our
  881. people.
  882. He
  883. is
  884. at
  885. this
  886. time
  887. transporting
  888. large
  889. armies
  890. of
  891. foreign
  892. mercenaries
  893. to
  894. compleat
  895. the
  896. works
  897. of
  898. death,
  899. desolation
  900. and
  901. tyranny,
  902. already
  903. begun
  904. with
  905. circumstances
  906. of
  907. cruelty
  908. &
  909. perfidy
  910. scarcely
  911. paralleled
  912. in
  913. the
  914. most
  915. barborous
  916. ages,
  917. and
  918. totally
  919. unworthy
  920. the
  921. head
  922. of
  923. a
  924. civilized
  925. nation.
  926. He
  927. has
  928. constrained
  929. our
  930. fellow
  931. citizens
  932. taken
  933. Captive
  934. on
  935. the
  936. high
  937. Seas
  938. to
  939. bear
  940. Arms
  941. against
  942. their
  943. Country,
  944. to
  945. become
  946. the
  947. executioners
  948. of
  949. their
  950. friends
  951. and
  952. Brethren,
  953. or
  954. to
  955. fall
  956. themselves
  957. by
  958. their
  959. Hands.
  960. He
  961. has
  962. excited
  963. domestic
  964. insurrections
  965. amongst
  966. us,
  967. and
  968. has
  969. endeavored
  970. to
  971. bring
  972. on
  973. the
  974. inhabitants
  975. of
  976. our
  977. frontiers,
  978. the
  979. merciless
  980. Indian
  981. Savages,
  982. whose
  983. known
  984. rule
  985. of
  986. warfare
  987. is
  988. an
  989. undistinguished
  990. destruction
  991. of
  992. all
  993. ages,
  994. sexes,
  995. and
  996. conditions.
  997. In
  998. every
  999. stage
  1000. of
  1001. these
  1002. Oppressions
  1003. We
  1004. have
  1005. Petitioned
  1006. for
  1007. Redress
  1008. in
  1009. the
  1010. most
  1011. humble
  1012. terms.
  1013. Our
  1014. repeated
  1015. Petitions
  1016. have
  1017. been
  1018. answered
  1019. only
  1020. by
  1021. repeated
  1022. injury.
  1023. A
  1024. Prince
  1025. whose
  1026. character
  1027. is
  1028. thus
  1029. marked
  1030. by
  1031. every
  1032. act
  1033. which
  1034. may
  1035. define
  1036. a
  1037. Tyrant
  1038. is
  1039. unfit
  1040. to
  1041. be
  1042. the
  1043. ruler
  1044. of
  1045. a
  1046. free
  1047. people.
  1048. Nor
  1049. have
  1050. we
  1051. been
  1052. wanting
  1053. in
  1054. attentions
  1055. to
  1056. our
  1057. British
  1058. brethren.
  1059. We
  1060. have
  1061. warned
  1062. them
  1063. from
  1064. time
  1065. to
  1066. time
  1067. of
  1068. attempts
  1069. by
  1070. their
  1071. legislature
  1072. to
  1073. extend
  1074. an
  1075. unwarrantable
  1076. jurisdiction
  1077. over
  1078. us.
  1079. We
  1080. have
  1081. reminded
  1082. them
  1083. of
  1084. the
  1085. circumstances
  1086. of
  1087. our
  1088. emigration
  1089. and
  1090. settlement
  1091. here.
  1092. We
  1093. have
  1094. appealed
  1095. to
  1096. their
  1097. native
  1098. justice
  1099. and
  1100. magnanimity,
  1101. and
  1102. we
  1103. have
  1104. conjured
  1105. them
  1106. by
  1107. the
  1108. ties
  1109. of
  1110. our
  1111. common
  1112. kindred
  1113. to
  1114. disavow
  1115. these
  1116. usurpations
  1117. which
  1118. would
  1119. inevitably
  1120. interrupt
  1121. our
  1122. connections
  1123. and
  1124. correspondence.
  1125. They,
  1126. too,
  1127. have
  1128. been
  1129. deaf
  1130. to
  1131. the
  1132. voice
  1133. of
  1134. justice
  1135. and
  1136. of
  1137. consanguinity.
  1138. We
  1139. must,
  1140. therefore,
  1141. acquiesce
  1142. in
  1143. the
  1144. necessity
  1145. which
  1146. denounces
  1147. our
  1148. Separation,
  1149. and
  1150. hold
  1151. them,
  1152. as
  1153. we
  1154. hold
  1155. the
  1156. rest
  1157. of
  1158. mankind;
  1159. Enemies
  1160. in
  1161. War;
  1162. in
  1163. Peace,
  1164. Friends.
  1165. We,
  1166. therefore,
  1167. the
  1168. Representatives
  1169. of
  1170. the
  1171. United
  1172. States
  1173. of
  1174. America,
  1175. in
  1176. General
  1177. Congress
  1178. Assembled,
  1179. appealing
  1180. to
  1181. the
  1182. Supreme
  1183. Judge
  1184. of
  1185. the
  1186. world
  1187. for
  1188. the
  1189. rectitude
  1190. of
  1191. our
  1192. intentions,
  1193. do,
  1194. in
  1195. the
  1196. Name
  1197. and
  1198. by
  1199. Authority
  1200. of
  1201. the
  1202. good
  1203. People
  1204. of
  1205. these
  1206. Colonies,
  1207. solemnly
  1208. publish
  1209. and
  1210. declare
  1211. that
  1212. these
  1213. United
  1214. Colonies
  1215. are,
  1216. and
  1217. of
  1218. Right
  1219. ought
  1220. to
  1221. be,
  1222. Free
  1223. and
  1224. Independent
  1225. States;
  1226. that
  1227. they
  1228. are
  1229. Absolved
  1230. from
  1231. all
  1232. Allegiance
  1233. to
  1234. the
  1235. British
  1236. Crown,
  1237. and
  1238. that
  1239. all
  1240. political
  1241. connection
  1242. between
  1243. them
  1244. and
  1245. the
  1246. State
  1247. of
  1248. Great
  1249. Britain
  1250. is,
  1251. and
  1252. ought
  1253. to
  1254. be,
  1255. totally
  1256. dissolved;
  1257. and
  1258. that,
  1259. as
  1260. Free
  1261. and
  1262. Independent
  1263. States,
  1264. they
  1265. have
  1266. full
  1267. Power
  1268. to
  1269. levy
  1270. War,
  1271. conclude
  1272. Peace,
  1273. contract
  1274. Alliances,
  1275. establish
  1276. Commerce,
  1277. and
  1278. to
  1279. do
  1280. all
  1281. other
  1282. Acts
  1283. and
  1284. Things
  1285. which
  1286. Independent
  1287. States
  1288. may
  1289. of
  1290. right
  1291. do.
  1292. And
  1293. for
  1294. the
  1295. support
  1296. of
  1297. this
  1298. Declaration,
  1299. with
  1300. a
  1301. firm
  1302. reliance
  1303. on
  1304. the
  1305. Protection
  1306. of
  1307. Divine
  1308. Providence
  1309. we
  1310. mutually
  1311. pledge
  1312. to
  1313. each
  1314. other
  1315. our
  1316. Lives,
  1317. our
  1318. Fortunes,
  1319. and
  1320. our
  1321. sacred
  1322. Honor.